Aubrey is a biomedical gerontologist based in Cambridge, UK, and has most recently served as Chairman and Chief Science Officer of the Methuselah Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit charity dedicated to combating the aging process. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of Rejuvenation Research, the world's only peer-reviewed journal focused on intervention in aging. His research interests focus on the accumulating, and eventually pathogenic, molecular and cellular side-effects of metabolism ("damage"). This "damage" constitutes mammalian aging and Aubrey's work seeks to design the interventions necessary for its repair and/or obviation.

He has developed a potentially comprehensive plan for such repair, termed Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS), which breaks the aging problem down into seven major classes of damage and identifies detailed approaches to addressing each one. A key aspect of SENS is its potential to extend healthy lifespan without limit, even with repair processes which remain imperfect, as the repair only needs to approach perfection rapidly enough to keep the overall level of damage below pathogenic levels. Aubrey has termed this required rate of improvement of repair therapies, "longevity escape velocity". In 2007 Aubrey published his book, Ending Aging, bringing his ideas to a wider audience.